The US would need to add about $2 per gallon in taxes to catch up to what most other countries pay 'for petrol' at a pump.
As said, all "countries" pay pretty much the same. The difference in price to individuals is due entirely to domestic government policy. Higher fuel taxes would only mean people in the US (who can't afford it) paying more money to other people in the US (who can't do anything with it to solve the problem).
There are no practical alternatives to the current individual transit "problem" in the US, and no policy change will push any known alternatives over the top into feasibility in the near future. So what you're asking amounts to little more than a regressive wealth redistribution scheme. Whether it's out of naivete, jealousy, or malice, I couldn't begin to guess. But it is most certainly foolish.
As time goes on, prices will inevitably rise, but at the same time, alternative technologies will continue to mature. The government already offers massive subsidies for the development of "clean" technologies. But as evidenced by the prices for such, they're still far from practical. Strapping the little guy down and sticking him in the rear isn't going to change that--only time can.
