All his correspondences, some of them still in Egypt's and other Musuems, were written by others
that should read "..... dictated by him and written by others"
=======================================
I will try to answer your questions as best i can.
First, the meaning of:
ask ThinkAloud to expound on the concept of 'Oomah'.
"Oomah" or "Umah" , means "Nation" in Arabic.
There are two of them. i dont know which one you meant.
The Islamic concept refers to the "Muslim Nation" .. and that is a concept established by God in Qura'an when He says "and your Nation is is One nation ... and I am your Lord ... Worship Me"
with that order All Muslims belong to One Nation regardless of their location, skin color, ethnic origin or previous alliances or religion. That should not be understood as undermining the "national borders" of any country or state ... these are recognized as administrative necessities and existed even during the Pr. life and throughtout Islamic history. But the obligations of muslims toward each other does not stop at those administrative borders ... if some muslims are in trouble ... all muslims are in trouble and they must help those in trouble.
However, Muslims are required by Islam to follow the rules of international laws in providing the help needed to other Muslims.
The second meaning of the "Nation" concept is referring to the "Arab Nation" sometimes called the "Arab World".
this is a geographical area where all people (muslims, christians or jews) speak Arabic, have the same historical background, have the same culture, suffer the same problems, and they used to be REALLY one "Nation" for almost 1300 yrs now. that area was divided at the end of WWI by the allies and between themselves as occupiers ... the people there (not their occupiers-appointed rulers) never ever acknowledged that division ... the occupiers (mainly Great Britain and france) even created new entities like Kuwait, Jordon, Lebanon, and most of the small Gulf States. (Kuwait was part of Iraq, Lebanon was part of Syria, Jordon was part of Palastine and the Gulf States were part of the "Arab Peninsula") ...
The people of that "Arab Nation" feel and act naturally as One nation regardless of what the world (or their rulers) say. as you can imagine a 100 yrs of forced-division can not erase 1300 yrs of history.
ask him the meaning of the word 'Farhood', or 'Udroob el-Yahood'.
Farhood, means a very nimble person .
Udroob ElYahood, means beat/hit the jews.
Why do the Arab states begrudge Israel? A country the size of New Jersey. Why do they make life a hell on Jews living in their countries?
Let me make something very clear here: As far as Muslims or the Arabs are concerned ... the Jews are one thing ... Israel is a totally different matter.
what you see between the arabs and Isreal would have been the same regardless of the religion of the people there. even if they were Muslims, the same conflict would have existed ... (actually you see it now between Lebanon and Syria, and in fact between the Palastinians and Jordon, and of course between Iraq and Kuwait see above for the reason)
Having established that, then i think you yourself can figure out the reason ... considering the concept of the "Arab Nation".
it was not enough that Britain and France divided that Nation, they promised people in europe to create a new country in the middle of that "nation" for them ... to the arabs, it didnt matter what was the religion of those people or the reason for that promise ... the fact remains that an occupier took a part of their land and gave it to other people from another continent ...
these are the facts ... this is the root of the problem ...
solving that problem now is the key to restore relative peace to that region. and I say relative peace because those people will never rest and be at peace with the west (since the west is the one who divided them in the first place) till they have ALL their "Arab Nation" back. we here can laugh at them .... but that is us .... it is not our land and it is not our nation ... but it is their land and their nation.
I am telling you what i know about the vast majority of them ... their rulers are against that, most of the world is against it .... their answer to that ... we will endure as we endured before ...
they jokingly say we will wait the second Saladin (the one who unified them after the Crusades)
how to solve that problem is the issue for the world to figure out.
but as you can see, the two are political problems, it has nothing to do with the three religions. of course it is obvious that some fanatics use religion to attract support from the masses who are desperately looking for anyone to get rid of their rulers as well as their occupiers. that is the button of weakness that the terrorists push and they know they will get some to support their ways. but most of the masses there know that is the wrong way and they dont support it ...
in fact, the first acts of terror (in 1980's and early 1990's) were aginst those masses themselves in Egypt, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Jordon and turkey. then they escaped the heavy-handed rulers there to europ, Afghanistan, pakistan, and some to us here (Umar AbdelRuhman of 1993 WTC first attack)
hope that gives you an idea about the complexity of these two problems.
And may God's Peace, Mercy and blessings be upon you and your family too. 