How about we outlaw lawyers so malpractice goes down and then medical costs so as well?
Going from one extreme to the other would do no good - remove malpractice and you remove an incentive for doctors/hospitals to try and ensure they give the best treatment. Lawyers do have a role to play in the economy, even if it is likely much too large atm than it should be.
As for the general issue of health, IMO there are several options. Firstly you could have compulsory health insurance. Alternatively you could have universal health care for major afflictions. Another option would be to restrict losses claimed by hospitals/doctors to an individuals assets (and possibly a (small) maximum proportion of their income), with the government then footing the remainder of the bill, or similarly have the government take on the bill where the individual is unable to pay it back immediately, and then seek repayment from that individual up to the amount that the individual is able to contribute, until it is paid off (or written off). None of the options are perfect, but I feel that either one of them is more preferable to the situation where people are allowed to die because they lack the funds for life saving treatment. Now as to your 'capped charge' idea I don't think it would work - firstly how do you determine what this capped charge would be? Is it based on age? On income? On wealth? Any one of these would make it unfair for others. For example lets say you base it on income - I decide to not get health insurance to increase my disposable income, and spend that money on accumulating more wealth than a similar person who gets health insurance. We both suffer injuries, but thanks to my low income I have the amount I have to pay capped, even though I had plenty of assets to cover the cost. Base it on wealth and you have the problem of pensioners having to sell their homes to meet a medical bill, and struggling to cope on their low income. On the other hand your suggestionto allow the spreading of payments over time for a person with insufficient assets to meet it up front has merit, and I'd support government help on this issue. For example the government could offer a relief scheme where they will take on the individuals medical bills, and in return that person has to pay so much of their income to then repay their debt (to the government).