2003 Invasion of Iraq
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2003 Invasion of Iraq
Map of Iraq
Date
02:30 UTC March 20, 2003–April 15, 2003
Location
Iraq, Southwest Asia
Prelude
Iraq disarmament crisis
Targets
Alleged weapons of mass destruction.
Opponents of the Kurdish allies of the USA in the North.
Results
2003 occupation of Iraq.
Creation of Iraq Interim Governing Council.
Opponents to the US-led occupation engage in guerrilla warfare.
Failure to locate weapons of mass destruction.
Capture of Hussein, capture/killing of his senior officials, and various loyalists.
Operational links between the Saddam Hussein government and Al-Qaida remain disputed, lacking clear new evidence.
For other uses of this term, see Iraq war (disambiguation).
The 2003 invasion of Iraq, alternatively the Iraq War, Second Gulf War or Third Gulf War, was a war that began 20 March 2003 fought between a Coalition consisting primarily of American and British forces, and Iraq. It began without the explicit backing of the United Nations Security Council. After approximately three weeks of fighting, the Ba'ath Party was deposed and the period known as post-invasion Iraq began. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45,000 British, and smaller forces from other nations, entered Iraq primarily through their staging area in Kuwait. Plans for an invasion force from the north were abandoned when Turkey officially refused the use of its territory for such purposes. Coalition forces also supported Iraqi Kurdish militia troops, estimated to number upwards of 50,000.
Facing them was a substantial military force. The regular Iraqi army was estimated at 280,000–350,000 troops, with four Republican Guard divisions with 50,000–80,000 troops, and the Fedayeen Saddam, a 20,000–40,000 strong militia, which used guerilla tactics during the war. There were an estimated thirteen infantry divisions, ten mechanized and armored divisions, as well as some special forces units. The Iraqi Air Force and Navy played a negligible role in the conflict.
On 17 March 2003, in his Address to the Nation, U.S. President George W. Bush's demanded that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and his two sons Uday and Qusay leave Iraq, and gave them a 48-hour deadline; Iraqi President Saddam Hussein refused to leave.[1] (http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/03/iraq/20030317-7.html) The next day Bush's spokesman Ari Fleischer announced that the U.S. would invade Iraq whether Saddam Hussein left or not, stating that "the bottom line is, a coalition of the willing will disarm Saddam Hussein's Iraq, no matter what." [2] (http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/03/20030318-4.html)
United States military operations were conducted under the name Operation Iraqi Freedom, United Kingdom military operations as Operation Telic, and Australian operations as Operation Falconer.
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