A couple of questions

1) Not possible without destroying the ship (with explosion) and spawning a new ship at the other planet.

2) GameInfo\GalaxyScenarioDef.galaxyScenarioDef and set the starting templates. There is 2 for each race, regular and quick start. Not sure about multiple planets without editing maps but you can include the Galaxy folder which holds all the stock maps and edit them in text format with notepad.

3) I never did this but I think you have to edit each research file individually at the line 
    BaseUpgradeTime 45.000000, there is 100s of them, or set reseach speed to fast in the pregame setup.

EDIT: I am assuming you know how to start making a mod and a few basics

1) Damn, could've sworn it was somewhere but was forced to reinstall OS today, could've sworn there was a 'phasetravelspeed' somewhere. Hmpf, I'll have to think of another way then. Thanks.

2) That should be easy enough, thank you. If necessary I can always play on play on a custom map and assign several planets to myself, I guess.

3) Isn't there an tech from... Advent? Not sure which faction, that decreases research times though? Or was that a pact...

Damn I should've waited 'til I was home. So much stuff I'm not sure of

Edit: Yes I do

1) The idea has been messed with but found to be impossible short of phase gate travel or what myfist0 says.

2) Yes you can use Galaxy Forge to do what you want there. I have set up several maps like that.

3) Yes the Advent have a tech like that and yes you can use it's parts to build something like it for all the races.

There is a phase travel speed, but it is not instant, I cant remember where at the moment

there is some research that does speed up research, I think an artifact also has one. Maybe include that artifact at each home planet.

Yayz, thank you

Phase gate travel? From what I know they just create an invisible phase line

How would I go about with the explosions then? And wouldn't that be too heavy for the game? To have lots of explosions and make lots of ships appear out of nowhere?

It may not be instant, but I can make it damn near close!

Cool that I do remember that correctly though, thanks. 

Mmm, think generalizing the tech would be better, to be honest, thanks though.

Of course it's possible. Create an ability that make a phase node or how this is called and you're ready

This is just a theory, only for very advanced ability writers.

Still remains the problem that the units would be traveling across a phase line.

Yea, that wouldn't be for me then, thanks for the heads-up.

Each player file has these lines:

baseHyperspaceSpeed 29500.000000  
hyperspaceSpeedBetweenStarsMultiplier 24.000000  
hyperspaceSpeedToFriendlyOrbitBodiesMultiplier 1.000000  
baseHyperspaceAntiMatterCost 100.000000  
baseHyperspaceChargeUpTime 7.000000

You may find giving outrageously high values to some of these will simulate the effects you want....

You will need to change these lines in all 7 player files (one for each faction, and the pirates)....these files are named things like "PlayerTechLoyalist" and such...

As for research times, are you simply trying to reduce the research times in general for everyone from the start?  Or do you actually want each faction to research something?

Just modify Gameplay.constants if you want it to be a global decrease in the time to research.

No, it's easy: Make this ability, give it every planet and the ships can jump directly to other planets. You don't need phase lines then. Trust me, I've already tried this

I think what he's getting at is that ships would still have "travel time" while traveling in phase space...phase nodes aren't going to change that fact...

You either need to increase the travel speed significantly (player files are best way to do this) or you need to destroy/respawn the ships (which is NOT recommended)...

Yup, from what I gather what you mean is the same stuff as the actual phase nodes of the Vasari, which still have an (invisible) phase line. I'm gonna try to do the stuff in the Gameplay.constants / player files for now, I'll let you know how it works out.

In any case, thanks all

Yay! Thank you for your help everyone, very much appreciated! I do love the community over here <3

On topic:

Research takes a lot less long, don't exactly know how to scale it but... it's shorter and that is what I want after all ^^

Regarding hyperspace, I multiplied the standard speed by 1000 and changed the charge-up rate to 15, figured that would at least balance it out a bit.

Once again, thank you all!

Oh, that you mean. But why? Shouldn't the game be realistic?

Shouldn't the game be whatever you want it to be?

That's true