CobraA1:
Regarding the petro-dollar scheme:
The petro-dollar scheme is essentially the ongoing legal global market on oil and dollars. The US has enforced a system in which oilcan only be traded and bought in dollars, not in any other currency. The obvious corollary to that is that the dollar becomes necessary for all countries if they want to buy oil. This is one of the reasons why the "oil for food" program in the late 90s was a sore point politically for the US. There are other ramifications as well.
This is one of the mechanisms by which the dollar is enforced as the defacto world reserve currency. When one country's currency is dominant in this way, every dollar you print for bonds doesn't stay in your country, so there's less supply. Less supply, value stays the same, but value for other currencies becomes less. Long story short, the US is able to export its inflation to every other country using dollars as reserve currency, imposing a virtual tax on such countries through currency control.
This is not new stuff. Everyone in finance knows about this.
Regarding "free trade:"
The reason so many farmers in developing countries are against the US opening world markets in foodstuff is because US farmers are heavily subsidized by the government. US farmers can actually sell their products at prices that would be at a loss if not for this subsidy. In effect, a "free trade" agreement in this manner isn't a free trade agreement - it's an aggressive economic attack by the US on the food markets of these countries.
Proponents and opponents of this policy are aware of this. Proponents only mention rhetoric about how free trade is good, without context because they know that the basic facts of how unfair this is is indefensible.
Regarding the Tydings-McDuffie Act:
The act is largely drafted to look like it's granting the Philippines independence. In practice, it does these things:
1. It absolves the US of further responsibility for the Philippine's welfare.
2. It ensures that the US retains veto power on executive and legislative decisions. NO real independence.
3. It stops Filipino crops and labor markets from competing openly with the US, which it had done successfully until this time, which is really what induced the US legislature to come up with this act to begin with.
In essence, the act was a response to labor, racist, and farmer lobbyists shouting for the shutdown of Filipino labor and foods coming tariff-free and without control into the US market. They got it.
Again, this is not just me who says this. Any reasonable historian you ask who's knowledgable about the incidents surrounding the act will say the same thing. In fact, a much more economically oppressive act was drafted prior to Tydings-McDuffie but was rejected by Filipino because of how obviously and extremely oppressive it was.
Regarding Toyota:
First of all, Toyota has had to pay tariffs on imports before they created factories in the US. That is a barrier to entry by Japanese cars into the US market. Amusingly, the US isn't all about "free trade" when it comes to the automotive industry.
Secondly, Toyota has had to fight against popular US bias against anything foreign. This means that its sales must be outstandingly better in almost every way just to have consideration. This is also not opinion. In a psychological study about bias, a couple hundred US men were asked to judge a random sampling of women photos in terms of beauty. Pictures with American names and labelled as Americans scored significantly higher with a P=0.01. These pictures weren't necessarily of Americans. The labels were distributed randomly.
They also have had to create cars for the American climate and road conditions - not easy when your designers are living halfway across the world. This is true as well for the aesthetic sensibility, which explains why Toyota cars are so bland - they would rather miss slightly than let go of their artistic sensibilities and miss by a mile.
I'm sure there are more factors against Toyota, not just these. The US market is extremely hostile to foreign companies.
Regarding copyright:
IT'd be great if everyone respected everyone else's patents and copyrights. That is not so. The Chinese don't respect US copyrights partly because the US itself isn't very vigilant when it comes to piracy of Hong Kong movies, or even anime and manga. In fact, the only hassle-free patent and copyright in the US is a US patent or copyright. For instance, copyrighting your software or patenting your invention in the Philippines is apparently no protection at all from an unscrupulous businessman who can grab it and make money from it in other markets - such as the US.