Are the anomaly bonuses permanent?

I've been playing this game for so long I feel like I should know by now, but I'll still ask. When you explore an anomaly and get one of the bonuses to economics, soldiering, etc. does it give a permanent bonus to your civilization? I thought it did but it seems like if this is the case my soldiering ability would be a lot better than it usually shows up as. Are the bonuses cumulative?

Thanks