How to commence land invasions?

Declarations of War.

You can do this many ways, all of which include the same idea. Destroy an enemy starbase, starship, or you can attack a planet. There are other avenues but this is the most effective.

If you choose to attack a planet, the first thing you must do is build a Troop Transport. Secondly, on the target planet, you must clear away all enemy ships (by destroying them) in orbit. Once that is done, move your Troop transport into orbit above the planet and commence to whipping alien booty.

Secondly, on the target planet, you must clear away all enemy ships (by destroying them) in orbit.

And to clarify about being in orbit... no they will not appear around the planet on the map. The ships that are considered to be in orbit are in the shipyard so to speak. If there are any enemy ships around the planet on the map, they are not actually in orbit.

Also, don't use the pre-designed ships that come within the game. They may be good for the first game or two until you get the hang of building your own, but as soon as you know how to do it, design your own vessels. Try to use espionage to see what your enemies have in the way of weapons/defense and build ships to counter theirs.

Just in case, I'll also mention that in order to build a transport and invade a planet you need to research the Planetary Invasion technology.

In order to invade a planet, you need the following:

- Tech: Planetary invasion

- Ship: Transport (the game has one template of a Transport but you can also design your own kind in the shipyard)

- An enemy: On the whole, you can only declare war by actually going to war. You attack a ship, starbase, planet and the game will inform you you are about to commit an act of war. Just click 'yes' and you have your enemy. Invading a planet is considered an act of war too.

- An undefended but inhabited planet: you can see whether the planet is defended by the shield icon that will appear near the planet. If the shield is present, you will first have to clear the guards by attacking the planet with your own attack ships and repeating the process until the shield disappears (the guards are gone).

- Managing your transport: it works pretty much like colonizing a planet. You launch the ship, pull soldiers/taxpayers (they're the same for this game) on board and move to the target. The difference is that instead of targetting an empty planet with a ship equipped with a colony module, you use a ship with a troop module and aim it for an inhabited planet.

Hope this clears everything up.

Also design your own troop transports for different situations, try different hulls then the cargo (because large and huge have more space).

I have three designs when it comes to the end game:
Legionaire: 7 / parsecs, 7 billion troops, 7 beam attack (just in case), Best sensors. Advanced Legionaire: 10 billion troops.
Shock troop transport: 36 / parsecs , 2 billion troops, 9 beam attack.
Regular Shadowmaster Army: 16 / parsecs, 3 billion troops, 18 beam attack.