Many times, the United States has engaged in extended military engagements that, while not formally declared wars, were explicitly authorized by Congress, short of a formal declaration of war.War or conflict Opponent(s) Initial authorization Votes President Conclusion
Senate House Quasi-War France 1798 J. Adams Convention of 1800 (Treaty of Mortefontaine)
First Barbary War Barbary States 1801 Jefferson
Second Barbary War Barbary States 1815 Madison
Raid of slave traffic Africa 1820
Redress for attack on U.S. Navy vessel Paraguay 1859 Buchanan
Intervention during the Russian Civil War Bolshevist Russia 1918 Wilson
Protection of Lebanon Rebels 1958 Eisenhower
Vietnam War National Liberation Front, later Democratic Republic of Vietnam Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, August 7, 1964 88-2 416-0 Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon Peace agreement signed in Paris, January 1973
Multinational Force in Lebanon Shia and Druze miltias; Syria September 29, 1983 54-46 253-156 Reagan Force withdrew in 1984
Invasion of Panama, also known as Operation Just Cause Panama Defense Force December 20, 1989 George H.W. Bush Manuel Noriega deposed
Persian Gulf War, also known as Operation Desert Storm Iraq January 12, 1991 52-47 250-183 The United Nations Security Council drew up terms for the cease-fire, April 3, 1991
2001 war in Afghanistan, also known as Operation Enduring Freedom Taliban government of Afghanistan and al-Qaida S.J. Res. 23
September 14, 2001 98-0 420-1 George W. Bush Ongoing
Iraq War, also known as Operation Iraqi Freedom Iraq H.J. Res. 114,
October 16, 2002 77-23 296-133 Ongoing [edit] United Nations resolutions
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